Espresso Pressure Profiling – Unpacking the Next Level of Espresso

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There appears to have been big new mid last year about espresso pressure profiling. It looks to be a fascinating aspect of modern espresso making. After watching videos and reading a bunch, it feels like this is something that should be shared in case others missed hearing about it too.

Traditional espresso machines maintain a constant 9 bars of pressure throughout the extraction. But pressure profiling machines allow you to vary this pressure during different phases of the shot, similar to how a barista might adjust their technique during manual lever extraction.

For example, you might start with a gentle 2-3 bars for pre-infusion, which allows the coffee puck to gradually saturate and expand. Then you could ramp up to full pressure for the main extraction, and finally taper down toward the end of the shot. This control lets you:

  • Reduce channeling (when water finds weak spots in the puck)
  • Highlight different flavor characteristics (acidity, sweetness, body)
  • Compensate for different roast levels and bean densities
  • Create “flow profiles” that mimic different classic machines or styles

Machines like the Decent DE1, La Marzocco GS3 MP, and even some Lelit models were making this technology more accessible to home users. The Decent in particular was revolutionary because it offered real-time pressure, flow, and temperature graphs, letting users visualize and replicate their best shots.

The pressure changes during espresso extraction affect taste in several interesting ways:

During the pre-infusion phase, we work with low pressure between 2-3 bars, which is crucial for preparing the coffee puck for optimal extraction. This gentle initial pressure allows the coffee grounds to expand evenly as they become saturated with water. This careful start helps prevent channeling issues that could otherwise lead to sour or bitter flavors in your cup. It’s particularly effective with light roasts, as it helps draw out delicate flavors and aromatics while maintaining a balanced acidity in the final shot.

The peak pressure phase, running at 8-9 bars, is where the main extraction magic happens. This is when we extract the essential flavors and oils from the coffee grounds, creating that beautiful crema that espresso is famous for. During this phase, the high pressure develops the full body and intensity of your shot, and it’s especially effective at bringing out those beloved chocolatey and nutty notes that are characteristic of medium and dark roasts.

As we move into the declining pressure phase, the pressure gradually reduces to 6-4 bars, which plays a crucial role in finishing the shot properly. This gradual reduction prevents over-extraction that could lead to unwanted bitterness in your cup. The declining pressure helps maintain the sweetness in the final moments of extraction while enhancing the clarity of the overall flavor profile. This phase is particularly important when working with lighter roasts, as it helps prevent any astringent notes from developing in the final taste.

For example, if you’re working with a fruity Ethiopian coffee, you might use a longer pre-infusion to really develop those berry notes, then a gentler peak pressure to avoid making it too sharp. For a chocolatey Brazilian bean, you might use a shorter pre-infusion but maintain higher pressure longer to develop those rich, sweet notes.

Please note that if you purchase from clicking on the link, some will result in my getting a tiny bit of that sale to help keep this site going. If you enjoy my work, perhaps you would consider donating to my daily cup of coffee, thank you.

Coffee Cup Shape Impacts on the Taste, Aroma, and Enjoyment

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Last week, I looked around the folks drinking coffee in the cafe and noticed that there was a variety of cup and mugs being used. Not like a coffee chain where every coffee is served in the same type of cup, generally a tall and narrow paper variety. 

I asked how the barista decides on which cup the drink was served in, thinking it could be tied to the needs of that drink. They said they just grabbed the next one available. That was simple enough, but I did wonder about if it would matter to a person enjoying their coffee every day. So, like you know I will do, I dove into it and put down my thoughts to share.

The general first thought was the relationship between coffee temperature and vessel shape is primarily driven by fundamental physics. Tall narrow mugs demonstrate superior heat retention compared to short wide cups due to two key principles. First, the surface area to volume ratio plays a crucial role – wide cups expose more coffee surface to the air, which accelerates heat loss through both evaporation and convection. Second, thermal stratification occurs more effectively in taller vessels, where the hot liquid naturally forms temperature layers with the hottest coffee remaining at the top, while wider vessels promote more uniform cooling throughout the liquid.

The shape of the cup significantly influences flavor perception in several interconnected ways. Narrower openings concentrate coffee’s aromatic compounds in the headspace above the liquid, which enhances the perceived flavor since smell is a crucial component of taste. The different cooling rates between cup shapes affect how flavors develop and are experienced over time, as temperature plays a vital role in flavor perception. Additionally, wider cups expose more coffee to air, which accelerates oxidation and can alter flavor compounds, particularly affecting the more delicate notes found in specialty coffees.

The vessel shape also impacts the physical drinking experience in multiple ways. The ergonomics of drinking differ significantly between shapes, as tall mugs require more head tilt to finish the drink, while wide cups naturally allow more cooling before each sip. The thickness and design of the rim affect both lip feel and drinking comfort. Heat transfer to the hands varies between designs, with narrow mugs concentrating heat transfer to a smaller area of your hands, while wide cups distribute heat more evenly across your palms. This variation affects both drinking comfort and how long you can comfortably hold the vessel.

For espresso-based drinks, the vessel shape influences crema retention – that desirable aromatic foam layer that forms on top of well-pulled espresso. Wider cups cause crema to dissipate more quickly, while narrower vessels help preserve it longer. This is one reason why different coffee styles have traditionally been served in specifically shaped vessels, such as the tulip-shaped cappuccino cup or the narrow espresso demitasse. Each of these classic designs has evolved to enhance particular aspects of the coffee drinking experience.

Please note that if you purchase from clicking on the link, some will result in my getting a tiny bit of that sale to help keep this site going. If you enjoy my work, perhaps you would consider donating to my daily cup of coffee, thank you.

Enjoying Coffee as Your Sunshine on a Rainy Day

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Nature’s gentle symphony of raindrops creates the perfect backdrop for one of life’s most enchanting pleasures – savoring a perfectly crafted cup of coffee. Far from being dreary, rainy days invite us to embrace a special kind of magic that happens when we combine the cozy comfort of coffee with the soothing rhythms of falling rain.

Picture this: You’re standing in your kitchen, and the air fills with the intoxicating aroma of freshly ground coffee beans. Each grain releases its story – hints of chocolate, notes of caramel, whispers of far-off tropical valleys where these beans once flourished under warm sun and gentle rain. As you prepare your brew, let each step become a celebration. Watch in wonder as hot water meets ground coffee, creating a dance of flavors and releasing that heavenly scent that makes everything feel right in the world.

Transform your living space into a personal café that rivals the coziest coffee shops. Create your own sanctuary with soft blankets, plump cushions, and perhaps a window seat where you can watch nature’s water show while cradling your favorite mug. String lights or candles can add a touch of golden warmth, making your coffee corner feel like a lighthouse of comfort on the stormiest of days. Let the pitter-patter of rain become nature’s meditation track, complementing the steam rising from your cup in a perfect duet.

Rainy days offer us a gift – permission to slow down and connect, both with ourselves and others. Why not turn your coffee break into a delightful social occasion? Send a message to a friend: “I’m brewing something special – care to join me for a virtual coffee date?” Share stories, dreams, and laughter across the digital divide, your shared coffee experience creating bridges despite the weather. Or embrace solitude’s sweetness, using this time to pen your thoughts in a journal, sketch in a notebook, or simply watch the raindrops race down your windowpane while contemplating life’s beautiful mysteries.

Remember, every raindrop nourishes the earth, just as every sip of coffee can nourish your soul. These moments of pause, wrapped in the warmth of your favorite brew, aren’t just breaks in your day – they’re opportunities to find joy in life’s simple pleasures. The rain outside isn’t keeping you in; it’s inviting you to discover the extraordinary in the ordinary, one cup at a time.

A few Coffee Suggestions

Best enjoyed with a cozy blanket and a good book.

Maple Latte

Add a splash of maple syrup and a dash of cinnamon to your latte for a comforting, autumnal vibe.

Optional: Top with whipped cream for extra indulgence.

Mocha with a Twist

Prepare a classic mocha and add a touch of orange zest or a hint of vanilla extract.

This rich treat will feel like a warm hug in a cup.

Nutty Caramel Drip Coffee

Brew your favorite coffee and mix in a teaspoon of caramel sauce and a sprinkle of hazelnut extract.

Perfect with a buttery biscuit or cookie.

Classic French Press

Keep it simple with a full-bodied French press brew. Pair it with a slice of banana bread for the ultimate rainy-day snack.

Spiced Coffee

Add cardamom pods, cloves, or nutmeg while brewing for an aromatic and warming twist.

Please note that if you purchase from clicking on the link, some will result in my getting a tiny bit of that sale to help keep this site going. If you enjoy my work, perhaps you would consider donating to my daily cup of coffee, thank you.

Hot vs. Cold Coffee: A Health Comparison to Find Your Match

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The health effects of hot and cold coffee differ in their benefits, drawbacks, and how the body processes them. Beyond simple taste and refreshing, I wanted to find which best matched my needs of the day. Both beverages have unique attributes, and choosing between them can depend on individual health conditions and preferences.

Hot Coffee: Rich in Antioxidants and Mood-Boosting Effects

Hot coffee has been found to contain higher levels of antioxidants compared to cold coffee. Antioxidants play a crucial role in reducing the risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. Drinking hot coffee can also improve mood and increase feelings of interpersonal warmth. Psychological studies suggest that holding a warm object, such as a hot cup of coffee, can enhance positive feelings and generosity. Additionally, the aroma of coffee can reduce stress and fatigue, particularly in sleep-deprived individuals, though this effect is more related to psychological associations rather than direct changes in gene activity.

Cold Coffee: Gentler on the Stomach and Potential Metabolic Benefits

Cold coffee, particularly cold brew, is less acidic than hot coffee, making it gentler on the digestive system and reducing the likelihood of acid reflux and indigestion. Cold brew coffee, due to its specific brewing process, may provide a more gradual and sustained release of caffeine, which can help maintain energy levels throughout the day without the jitters often associated with hot coffee. Additionally, cold coffee contains beneficial compounds like caffeine, magnesium, and phenolic compounds that can contribute to overall heart health and improve insulin sensitivity, potentially lowering the risk of heart issues. However, it’s important to note that the caffeine content in cold coffee can vary, and in some cases, it may be higher than in hot coffee, depending on the brewing method. I covered brewing cold coffee here previously.

Potential Drawbacks of Hot Coffee

While hot coffee has its benefits, it also comes with potential drawbacks. Drinking very hot beverages has been classified as “probably carcinogenic” by the World Health Organization (WHO), particularly in relation to esophageal cancer. This risk is more significant in populations with higher incidences of squamous cell carcinoma and among individuals who smoke or consume alcohol regularly. Additionally, hot coffee’s higher acidity can exacerbate symptoms of acid reflux and heartburn in some individuals.

Potential Drawbacks of Cold Coffee

Cold coffee has its downsides, particularly when consumed in the form of iced coffee drinks that often contain added sugars and syrups. Excessive consumption of these sugary beverages can lead to weight gain and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the diuretic effect of caffeine in cold coffee, similar to that of hot coffee, can lead to increased urination, though moderate coffee consumption does not significantly increase the risk of dehydration.

How the Body Handles Hot vs. Cold Coffee

The body processes hot and cold coffee differently. Drinking hot coffee can promote sweating and vasodilation, helping to regulate body temperature by dissipating heat. This mechanism is particularly beneficial in hot climates. Hot coffee may also stimulate bowel movements more effectively than cold coffee, possibly due to its temperature and its impact on digestive processes. In contrast, cold coffee, especially cold brew, offers a more gradual release of caffeine, providing sustained energy without the spikes and crashes associated with some hot coffees. The lower acidity of cold brew also makes it easier on the stomach, reducing the likelihood of digestive discomfort.

Both hot and cold coffee offer unique health benefits and drawbacks. Hot coffee is richer in antioxidants and can enhance mood and reduce stress, while cold coffee is less acidic and may be better for digestive health and sustained energy levels. The choice between hot and cold coffee ultimately depends on individual health needs and personal preferences.

Please note that if you purchase from clicking on the link, some will result in my getting a tiny bit of that sale to help keep this site going. If you enjoy my work, perhaps you would consider donating to my daily cup of coffee, thank you.

Cool Off with DIY Coffee Popsicles: Fun Flavors and Tips

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When the summer heat hits, as a kid, mom made us cool aide popsicles. Home made was less sticky and thus less times we got in trouble over the store bought versions. Remembering that nothing is more refreshing than a frozen treat on a very hot summer day, could I rethink the cool aide part? 

My thinking is that coffee popsicles are the perfect way to enjoy my favorite drink while keeping cool. Easy to make and customizable, the popsicles could be tailored to suit any coffee lover’s taste. Here’s a guide to making delicious coffee popsicles at home, with some exciting flavor enhancement options I found both online and at a recent visit to the bookstore.

Basic Coffee Popsicle Recipe (ice cubes would be fun too)

Ingredients:

  • 2 cups of brewed coffee (cooled to room temperature)
  • 1 cup of milk (dairy or plant-based)
  • 1/4 cup of sugar or sweetener of your choice
  • 1 teaspoon of vanilla extract

Mix and freeze:

  1. Brew your favorite coffee and let it cool to room temperature.
  2. In a bowl, combine the coffee, milk, sugar, and vanilla extract. Stir until the sugar is fully dissolved.
  3. Pour the mixture into popsicle molds, leaving a little space at the top for expansion. There is classic and fun shape options available these days. Perhaps I need to explore more to make them a fun treat with friends.
  4. Insert popsicle sticks and freeze for at least 4-6 hours, or until solid.

Flavor ‘Enhancer’ Options 

A few flavor options I’m trying, so far they are tasking as I expected but I assume some will look and sound better than they taste due to how frozen liquids can change them a bit.

1. Mocha Popsicles:

  • Add 2 tablespoons of cocoa powder to the basic mixture.
  • Swirl in some chocolate syrup before freezing for an extra chocolaty touch.
    • My test of this one, I added the chocolate to milk for what I thought would be more of a mocha ice cream effect. It didn’t freeze evenly, I may try playing more with the percents of milk/chocolate.

2. Caramel Macchiato Popsicles:

  • Drizzle caramel sauce into the molds before adding the mixture.
  • Add a teaspoon of caramel extract to the base recipe.
    • I highly recommend this one!

3. Vanilla Latte Popsicles:

  • Increase the vanilla extract to 2 teaspoons.
  • Add a splash of vanilla syrup to the coffee mixture.

4. Coconut Coffee Popsicles:

  • Substitute regular milk with coconut milk.
  • Add 1/2 teaspoon of coconut extract for a tropical twist.
    • I’m not a fan of coconut milk but family members like it. I was going to also try coconut water.

5. Hazelnut Coffee Popsicles:

  • Add 2 tablespoons of hazelnut syrup or hazelnut-flavored coffee creamer to the mixture.
  • Top with crushed hazelnuts before freezing.

Layered Popsicles – More work, great to share at a party!

1. Coffee and Cream Layers:

  • Prepare the basic coffee mixture and a separate mixture with just milk and sweetener.
  • Alternate layers of coffee and milk mixtures in the molds, freezing each layer for about 30 minutes before adding the next.
    • This worked better than my attempt up above with just adding milk and chocolate to the coffee mixture.

2. Coffee and Chocolate Layers:

  • Alternate layers of coffee mixture and chocolate milk.
  • For a marble effect, gently swirl the layers with a stick before freezing.

3. Coffee and Fruit Layers:

  • Add a layer of blended fruit puree (like strawberries, raspberries, or mango) between the coffee layers.
  • This adds a fruity burst of flavor and a beautiful visual contrast.
    • First attempt resulted in things that are best not mixed with coffee, I’m still working on the right fruit puree mixture.

A Few Tips

  1. Adjust the sweetness to your liking. Remember that cold treats tend to taste less sweet, so you might want to add a bit more sugar or sweetener.
  2. Consider simply adding mix-ins like chocolate chips, crushed nuts, or even a bit of coconut flakes for added texture.
  3. For an adult twist, you can add a splash of coffee liqueur like Kahlua to the mixture.

Coffee popsicles are a fun and refreshing way to enjoy a coffee during the summer. With just the few flavor possibilities and simple ingredients I outlined, it is pretty easily to create a variety of delicious frozen treats to keep cool. After a bunch of trying things, I am remembering as a child I was told, “these are ice, they don’t travel well” when I asked about taking a popsicles in the car.

Please note that if you purchase from clicking on the link, some will result in my getting a tiny bit of that sale to help keep this site going. If you enjoy my work, perhaps you would consider donating to my daily cup of coffee, thank you.