Espresso Pressure Profiling – Unpacking the Next Level of Espresso

There appears to have been big new mid last year about espresso pressure profiling. It looks to be a fascinating aspect of modern espresso making. After watching videos and reading a bunch, it feels like this is something that should be shared in case others missed hearing about it too.

Traditional espresso machines maintain a constant 9 bars of pressure throughout the extraction. But pressure profiling machines allow you to vary this pressure during different phases of the shot, similar to how a barista might adjust their technique during manual lever extraction.

For example, you might start with a gentle 2-3 bars for pre-infusion, which allows the coffee puck to gradually saturate and expand. Then you could ramp up to full pressure for the main extraction, and finally taper down toward the end of the shot. This control lets you:

  • Reduce channeling (when water finds weak spots in the puck)
  • Highlight different flavor characteristics (acidity, sweetness, body)
  • Compensate for different roast levels and bean densities
  • Create “flow profiles” that mimic different classic machines or styles

Machines like the Decent DE1, La Marzocco GS3 MP, and even some Lelit models were making this technology more accessible to home users. The Decent in particular was revolutionary because it offered real-time pressure, flow, and temperature graphs, letting users visualize and replicate their best shots.

The pressure changes during espresso extraction affect taste in several interesting ways:

During the pre-infusion phase, we work with low pressure between 2-3 bars, which is crucial for preparing the coffee puck for optimal extraction. This gentle initial pressure allows the coffee grounds to expand evenly as they become saturated with water. This careful start helps prevent channeling issues that could otherwise lead to sour or bitter flavors in your cup. It’s particularly effective with light roasts, as it helps draw out delicate flavors and aromatics while maintaining a balanced acidity in the final shot.

The peak pressure phase, running at 8-9 bars, is where the main extraction magic happens. This is when we extract the essential flavors and oils from the coffee grounds, creating that beautiful crema that espresso is famous for. During this phase, the high pressure develops the full body and intensity of your shot, and it’s especially effective at bringing out those beloved chocolatey and nutty notes that are characteristic of medium and dark roasts.

As we move into the declining pressure phase, the pressure gradually reduces to 6-4 bars, which plays a crucial role in finishing the shot properly. This gradual reduction prevents over-extraction that could lead to unwanted bitterness in your cup. The declining pressure helps maintain the sweetness in the final moments of extraction while enhancing the clarity of the overall flavor profile. This phase is particularly important when working with lighter roasts, as it helps prevent any astringent notes from developing in the final taste.

For example, if you’re working with a fruity Ethiopian coffee, you might use a longer pre-infusion to really develop those berry notes, then a gentler peak pressure to avoid making it too sharp. For a chocolatey Brazilian bean, you might use a shorter pre-infusion but maintain higher pressure longer to develop those rich, sweet notes.

Please note that if you purchase from clicking on the link, some will result in my getting a tiny bit of that sale to help keep this site going. If you enjoy my work, perhaps you would consider donating to my daily cup of coffee, thank you.

Coffee Cup Shape Impacts on the Taste, Aroma, and Enjoyment

Last week, I looked around the folks drinking coffee in the cafe and noticed that there was a variety of cup and mugs being used. Not like a coffee chain where every coffee is served in the same type of cup, generally a tall and narrow paper variety. 

I asked how the barista decides on which cup the drink was served in, thinking it could be tied to the needs of that drink. They said they just grabbed the next one available. That was simple enough, but I did wonder about if it would matter to a person enjoying their coffee every day. So, like you know I will do, I dove into it and put down my thoughts to share.

The general first thought was the relationship between coffee temperature and vessel shape is primarily driven by fundamental physics. Tall narrow mugs demonstrate superior heat retention compared to short wide cups due to two key principles. First, the surface area to volume ratio plays a crucial role – wide cups expose more coffee surface to the air, which accelerates heat loss through both evaporation and convection. Second, thermal stratification occurs more effectively in taller vessels, where the hot liquid naturally forms temperature layers with the hottest coffee remaining at the top, while wider vessels promote more uniform cooling throughout the liquid.

The shape of the cup significantly influences flavor perception in several interconnected ways. Narrower openings concentrate coffee’s aromatic compounds in the headspace above the liquid, which enhances the perceived flavor since smell is a crucial component of taste. The different cooling rates between cup shapes affect how flavors develop and are experienced over time, as temperature plays a vital role in flavor perception. Additionally, wider cups expose more coffee to air, which accelerates oxidation and can alter flavor compounds, particularly affecting the more delicate notes found in specialty coffees.

The vessel shape also impacts the physical drinking experience in multiple ways. The ergonomics of drinking differ significantly between shapes, as tall mugs require more head tilt to finish the drink, while wide cups naturally allow more cooling before each sip. The thickness and design of the rim affect both lip feel and drinking comfort. Heat transfer to the hands varies between designs, with narrow mugs concentrating heat transfer to a smaller area of your hands, while wide cups distribute heat more evenly across your palms. This variation affects both drinking comfort and how long you can comfortably hold the vessel.

For espresso-based drinks, the vessel shape influences crema retention – that desirable aromatic foam layer that forms on top of well-pulled espresso. Wider cups cause crema to dissipate more quickly, while narrower vessels help preserve it longer. This is one reason why different coffee styles have traditionally been served in specifically shaped vessels, such as the tulip-shaped cappuccino cup or the narrow espresso demitasse. Each of these classic designs has evolved to enhance particular aspects of the coffee drinking experience.

Please note that if you purchase from clicking on the link, some will result in my getting a tiny bit of that sale to help keep this site going. If you enjoy my work, perhaps you would consider donating to my daily cup of coffee, thank you.

Hot vs. Cold Coffee: A Health Comparison to Find Your Match

The health effects of hot and cold coffee differ in their benefits, drawbacks, and how the body processes them. Beyond simple taste and refreshing, I wanted to find which best matched my needs of the day. Both beverages have unique attributes, and choosing between them can depend on individual health conditions and preferences.

Hot Coffee: Rich in Antioxidants and Mood-Boosting Effects

Hot coffee has been found to contain higher levels of antioxidants compared to cold coffee. Antioxidants play a crucial role in reducing the risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. Drinking hot coffee can also improve mood and increase feelings of interpersonal warmth. Psychological studies suggest that holding a warm object, such as a hot cup of coffee, can enhance positive feelings and generosity. Additionally, the aroma of coffee can reduce stress and fatigue, particularly in sleep-deprived individuals, though this effect is more related to psychological associations rather than direct changes in gene activity.

Cold Coffee: Gentler on the Stomach and Potential Metabolic Benefits

Cold coffee, particularly cold brew, is less acidic than hot coffee, making it gentler on the digestive system and reducing the likelihood of acid reflux and indigestion. Cold brew coffee, due to its specific brewing process, may provide a more gradual and sustained release of caffeine, which can help maintain energy levels throughout the day without the jitters often associated with hot coffee. Additionally, cold coffee contains beneficial compounds like caffeine, magnesium, and phenolic compounds that can contribute to overall heart health and improve insulin sensitivity, potentially lowering the risk of heart issues. However, it’s important to note that the caffeine content in cold coffee can vary, and in some cases, it may be higher than in hot coffee, depending on the brewing method. I covered brewing cold coffee here previously.

Potential Drawbacks of Hot Coffee

While hot coffee has its benefits, it also comes with potential drawbacks. Drinking very hot beverages has been classified as “probably carcinogenic” by the World Health Organization (WHO), particularly in relation to esophageal cancer. This risk is more significant in populations with higher incidences of squamous cell carcinoma and among individuals who smoke or consume alcohol regularly. Additionally, hot coffee’s higher acidity can exacerbate symptoms of acid reflux and heartburn in some individuals.

Potential Drawbacks of Cold Coffee

Cold coffee has its downsides, particularly when consumed in the form of iced coffee drinks that often contain added sugars and syrups. Excessive consumption of these sugary beverages can lead to weight gain and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the diuretic effect of caffeine in cold coffee, similar to that of hot coffee, can lead to increased urination, though moderate coffee consumption does not significantly increase the risk of dehydration.

How the Body Handles Hot vs. Cold Coffee

The body processes hot and cold coffee differently. Drinking hot coffee can promote sweating and vasodilation, helping to regulate body temperature by dissipating heat. This mechanism is particularly beneficial in hot climates. Hot coffee may also stimulate bowel movements more effectively than cold coffee, possibly due to its temperature and its impact on digestive processes. In contrast, cold coffee, especially cold brew, offers a more gradual release of caffeine, providing sustained energy without the spikes and crashes associated with some hot coffees. The lower acidity of cold brew also makes it easier on the stomach, reducing the likelihood of digestive discomfort.

Both hot and cold coffee offer unique health benefits and drawbacks. Hot coffee is richer in antioxidants and can enhance mood and reduce stress, while cold coffee is less acidic and may be better for digestive health and sustained energy levels. The choice between hot and cold coffee ultimately depends on individual health needs and personal preferences.

Please note that if you purchase from clicking on the link, some will result in my getting a tiny bit of that sale to help keep this site going. If you enjoy my work, perhaps you would consider donating to my daily cup of coffee, thank you.

I’ll Take a Second Cup Now Please – Coffee Lovers Know How

As a true coffee enthusiast, I can’t help but extol the virtues and acknowledge the potential pitfalls of that glorious second cup. For me, an extra cup of coffee isn’t just about fueling my day; it’s an experience that enhances my cognitive function, sharpening my focus, memory, and reaction times. There’s something magical about the way a second cup can boost my mood. An increased release of dopamine and serotonin often leaves me a bit snappier with my humor and less worried about the little things that don’t really matter. 

Knowing that coffee is packed with antioxidants gives me a little extra motivation (read: “excuse”) to savor that second cup. These powerful compounds help combat inflammation and protect against certain diseases.

But like any indulgence, moderation is key. I’ve learned from experience that too much caffeine can sometimes lead to heightened anxiousness, leaving me feeling jittery and restless before a meeting. Coffee, as delightful as it is, can also play tricks on a digestive system by stimulating the production of stomach acid, which occasionally leads to heartburn or acid reflux. And yes, there’s the issue of caffeine dependence—regularly enjoying multiple cups can make a person’s body crave more to achieve the same energizing effects.

Understanding my own caffeine sensitivity is crucial. Each person’s tolerance varies, and I’ve found that some friends might experience adverse effects even with smaller amounts of coffee. Timing is everything; you may want to avoid that extra cup in the late afternoon or evening to keep your sleep undisturbed.

When it comes to the timing of the second cup, spacing it out appropriately after the first cup can make a difference. Allowing some time between the first and second cups can help manage caffeine intake and prevent any potential jitters. Enjoying the second cup with breakfast or a mid-morning snack can also help mitigate any stomach discomfort by providing a buffer for the stomach acid. Sipping the second cup slowly and taking the time to savor it can enhance the overall experience and make it a more mindful indulgence.

Staying hydrated is also essential since coffee, being a diuretic, can lead to dehydration if you’re not careful. Health is another factor to consider. People with certain medical conditions, like heart problems or anxiety challenges, need to be smart and thoughtful about their caffeine intake. Personally, I always strive for high-quality coffee beans. There’s a significant difference in taste and health benefits, and for me, part of the joy of a second cup lies in savoring the rich, nuanced flavors of a well-crafted brew. Which only makes it easier to grab that second cup.

Please note that if you purchase from clicking on the link, some will result in my getting a tiny bit of that sale to help keep this site going. If you enjoy my work, perhaps you would consider donating to my daily cup of coffee, thank you.

AI and Coffee: How Smart Technology Could Elevate Our Brew

So much news about the many updates happening to AI assistants these days. Many manufactures are jumping on board with adding some of that assistance to our daily home tools. I can image AI’s integration into coffee making is set to bring a host of possibilities. Here are some potential future developments I thought that could enhance how we enjoy our coffee. I think our coffee pots are safe from an AI going rogue and taking over our house.

Integration with Work Calendars

Imagine a coffee maker that syncs with your work calendar. On busy days with back-to-back meetings, it could brew a stronger cup to give you that extra boost of energy. Conversely, on lighter days, it could prepare a milder brew for a more relaxed start. This level of integration ensures that your coffee not only tastes great but also fits perfectly with your daily schedule.

Voice Control and Virtual Assistants

Voice control is already transforming smart home devices, and coffee makers are no exception. Future coffee makers could integrate seamlessly with virtual assistants like Alexa, Google Assistant, or Siri. You could start brewing your coffee with a simple voice command, adjust brewing parameters on the fly, or ask for recommendations based on your mood and preferences. Voice control makes the entire coffee-making process more convenient and interactive.

I can imagine going mute on a call to tell the voice assistant “start a medium strength cup of coffee” so it is ready when things wrap up.

Mood and Health Monitoring

By integrating with wearable devices and health apps, future coffee makers could monitor your mood and health metrics. If your wearable detects that you didn’t sleep well, the coffee maker could prepare a stronger brew to help you wake up. If your health app shows high stress levels, it might suggest a calming blend. This personalized approach ensures that your coffee not only tastes great but also supports your overall well-being.

Another perspective of good sleep may be that the wearable device AI tracks what helps you have a calm night sleep and warns against the things and actions that may actually harm your ability to recharge your body. It might not be coffee for everyone. If the AI sees the sleep it is tracking is impacted by a coffee within a window of time before bed, it could warn you to find another even beverage. 

Customizable Coffee Profiles

AI could allow for highly customizable coffee profiles that cater to individual preferences. These profiles could include specific settings for brewing strength, temperature, and even the type of milk or sweetener used. You could have different profiles for different times of the day, occasions, or even family members. This level of customization ensures that everyone gets their perfect cup of coffee every time.

Real-Time Feedback and Learning

Future coffee makers could provide real-time feedback on the brewing process. Using sensors and AI algorithms, they could adjust brewing parameters on the fly to ensure optimal flavor extraction. Over time, these machines could learn from your feedback, refining their brewing techniques to match your evolving taste preferences.

As I mentioned in several previous articles here, the temp and weather pressure can impact the coffee flavor so an AI learning local impacts could adjust the brewing process to assure a quality cup of coffee. No matter if it is rainy night or warm morning. 

Sustainable Brewing Practices

AI can play a significant role in promoting sustainability in coffee brewing. Future coffee makers could use AI to optimize water and energy usage, reducing waste. They could also recommend sustainable coffee beans and brewing methods, helping you make eco-friendly choices without compromising on taste.

Different choices of coffee beans could be chosen by an AI when it automatically orders beans to keep enough beans in the house. That will most likely be made easier with Amazon but if a standard was found it could be tied into many different bean roaster’s web sites.

Enhanced Social Sharing

For coffee enthusiasts who love to share their passion, AI could enable enhanced social sharing features. Imagine being able to share your custom coffee recipes with friends and family through an app. You could even join a community of coffee lovers, exchanging tips and discovering new brewing techniques. This social aspect adds a fun and engaging dimension to your coffee experience.

Not really fitting into any of my groups is if the pot of the future is tied into other parts of a house automation. When person picks up their coffee cup from the brewer in the evening, perhaps the lights dim. Or, in the morning, when the coffee cup is done brewing, the window shades open a touch to let in the morning light.

Through the many advancements in AI, the future of AI in coffee making is full of possibilities. From integrating with work calendars to providing real-time feedback and promoting sustainable practices, AI is set to revolutionize our coffee rituals. As these technologies continue to evolve, they will undoubtedly make our daily coffee experience more personalized, convenient, and enjoyable. The perfect cup of coffee is just a smart coffee maker away.

Please note that if you purchase from clicking on the link, some will result in my getting a tiny bit of that sale to help keep this site going. If you enjoy my work, perhaps you would consider donating to my daily cup of coffee, thank you.